Family Definition with Classification Essay - 1322 Words

My Definition of Family with Classification The definition of â€Å"family† may differ from one person to the next. Even the various dictionaries have multiple definitions for the simple yet ever so complex word. The Oxford English Dictionary’s etymology of the word family comes from the Middle French famile, beginning in 1337 with family being defined as a group of people living under the same roof, household, in 1442-44 included a group of people related by blood, 1580 a group of people related by blood or marriage and living under the same roof, 1658 a group of people who share a common philosophy and in 1676, a group of genera of plants or animals which share certain general traits (Simpson and Weiner). In this paper I will endeavor†¦show more content†¦Being bounced back and forth between foster homes and state run facilities, many of these children would and do consider the kids in the â€Å"system† their family. While writing and researching this paper I have had the opportunity to spe ak with my own family members and friends about what they believe family means. A close friend of mine told me that she believes the word family describes those who you feel connected to emotionally, who do not necessarily need to be related, but someone you trust and love. A co-worker described her idea of family to be those who are there for her through thick and thin that support her decisions and love her for herself, she feels many of her closest friends to be part of her â€Å"family†. Many of my friends are ex-military and they feel the people they served with to be an extended family that will be in their lives forever, the bonds and relationships formed during their years of service together created another definition of family for them. My mother and father although divorced many years ago, tend to define family as â€Å"blood relation†, which I feel is not uncommon for their generation and they continue to try and keep track of all their living relatives. Whereas my definition of family has moved more to my immediate family, which includes grandparents, parents, my wife and her nuclear family. I feel attitudes towards what family means over the centuries is directly related to theShow MoreRelatedDirectives And Regulations Are Forms Of Secondary Eu Legislation1262 Words   |  6 Pagespursue a legitimate aim. Some human rights must be qualified to provide flexibility in the law to deal with unique situations. (OU, 2017b, 2.1). 2a) †¢ Introduction - Importance of the court system and the different classifications. †¢ Paragraph 1 – U6 – 7.1/U10 – 3.2 - Definition of courts of first instance and examples. - Magistrates Courts/Judges †¢ Paragraph 2 – U10 – 2.3 - County Courts †¢ Paragraph 3 – U6 – 7.1 - Appellate Courts - Supreme Court †¢ Paragraph 4 –U10 – 3.3 - Crown Courts - AppealsRead MoreLogical Fallacies. Logical Fallacies Can Be Found In Many1288 Words   |  6 Pagesrecognize them. To fully understand Logical Fallacies, we will look at the definition of Logical Fallacies, some examples of Logical Fallacies, classifications of Logical Fallacies, and finally why we should, and how we can, avoid them. In simplest form, Logical Fallacies are fallacious arguments, fallacious meaning logically unsound or misleading. However a more in depth understanding can be constructed from three definitions for Logical Fallacies. The first is found in the article As Seen on TV:Read MoreThe Joy Of Reading And Writing : Superman And Me933 Words   |  4 PagesIn the essay â€Å"The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me† Sherman Alexie writes about himself as a young boy trying to be more than just an â€Å"Indian boy who lives on a reservation,† or an â€Å"oddity.† His implied thesis reveals that he used reading to try and save his life and wants to help others to do the same. Alexie presents this thesis through an expressive and literary purpose, and continues to employ patterns of description and classification. Alexie’s primary purpose is expressive.Read MoreEssay on Check It985 Words   |  4 PagesJuly 28, 2012 English 0310 â€Å"What is Poverty?† Content a. How would you define the author’s purpose? Besides paragraph 15, in what parts of the essay is that purpose most apparent? I would define the author’s purpose is to express the life of a poor person and the views of others towards a poor individual. Besides paragraph 15, Parker’s purpose is most apparent in paragraph two and paragraph six. b. Why does the speaker address her audience directly, especially in paragraphs 4 and 10Read MoreDemotion of Pluto: Dwarf Planet Essays1113 Words   |  5 Pagesthe vicinity of Pluto’s orbit have challenged its planetary status. The debate over Pluto’s classification was discussed throughout several media and news articles, leading to serious controversy amongst astronomers and the decision as to whether or not Pluto should be categorized as one of the planets in our solar system. The articles used in this essay that will cover the debate over the classification of Pluto’s planetary status were retrieved from The Globe and Mail, New York Times, CBS NewsRead MoreThe Problems Of Intercultural Communication1133 Words   |  5 Pagespartners, etc. The main objective of this essay is contextualizing and allocation of the factors determining the affiliation to one of the crop to improve cooperation in the cross-cultural environment. To achieve the goal of the essay it to solve the following specific objectives: first, definition of the differing cultural patterns and, second, classification of Russian culture, taking into account the context and characterization used for classification different cultures and identifying the mainRead MoreGender Inequality And Racial Inequality Essay924 Words   |  4 Pagesher article titled â€Å"Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory† which expresses the term â€Å" gender acts† and helps decipher a probable cause of the many discriminations faced in contemporary society. Since both gender inequality and racial inequality share a common thread, I believe that what intersectionality represents will help understand Judith Butler’s view on gender classification and the dynamic it’s caused on our social and political formation.Read MorePros and Cons of Not Having a Legal Definition for the Term Family in US1430 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The law is contained within the definitions of words. This, at times works in the favor of some while not in favor of others. The word family presents many new challenges within the legal frameworks of todays society because the word itself is hard to define. The purpose of this essays is to examine both the advantages and disadvantages of not having a universal legal definition for the term family in the United States. These perspectives are based in part due to the difficultyRead MorePost-Modernism Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesbe trying to learn more about the ingredients of her melting pot. These efforts can be best understood by examining post-modernism. Post-modernism is especially important to breaking down stereotypes such as those that exist surrounding the black family. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;To understand post-modernism we must first understand modernism. Modernism is the philosophy that began with the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment was an era when science and art flourished. European society used theRead MoreThe Five Types Of Crime1398 Words   |  6 Pages Crime Classification Iliana Clark American InterContinental University Abstract This essay will explain the five different types of crime. These include: Crimes against persons, Crimes against property, and Crimes of public morality, White-collar crimes and Cyber crimes. Statistics show that we are likely to be a victim of one of these crimes. This essay will explain each crime and their differences, providing a definition by category of crime. They are many types of crimes

Prescription Drug Abuse And Its Effects On The Society

In the past year studies by the Centers for Disease Control have shown that one in twenty people in the United States alone us painkillers just for pleasure. Abuse of prescription drugs is a huge issue in our country, although many people use them solely for medical reasons, most people do not. According to Nora D. Wolkow, M.D., â€Å"An estimated 52 million people (20 percent) of those aged 12 and older) have used prescription drugs for non-medical reasons at least once in their lifetime.† (National Institute on Drug Abuse). This is now extremely common and is only becoming a bigger problem by the day. Prescription drug abuse causes a crippling affect on the abusers body by creating serious brain damage, increasing the rate of crime, endangering the lives of the abusers and the people around them, as well as ruining families completely, and taking a huge toll on the lives of teenagers and the elderly. â€Å"Prescription drug abuse is defined as the taking of medication in a manner other than that prescribed or for a different condition than that which the medication is described.† (Rice 342-343). A huge body of our society is affected by becoming addicted to prescription drugs. This often happens when one is in pain over his/her bodily conditions, and is prescribed either an opioid, depressants, or stimulants. A simple problem such as that turns into an even bigger one when the abuser becomes addicted. Addiction occurs when dopamine, a neurotransmitter, links on to receptors andShow MoreRelatedPrescription Drug Abuse990 Words   |  4 PagesPrescription drug abuse is not a new problem within our society. Prescription drug abuse has in fact been an ongoing problem that is currently spinning out of control. There are many people within our society that are currently dealing with prescription drug addiction. Prescription drug abuse is the intentional use of a medication without a prescription; in a way other than as prescribed; or for the exper ience or feeling it causes (The Science of Drug Abuse Addiction, 2014). Prescription drugsRead MoreDrug Abuse And Opioid Epidemic Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesThere have been several news coverages on TV and social network about drug overdose of different cases recently and they have risen people’s concern about the problems of drug abuse national-wide. The drug abuse and opioid epidemic is not a new problem to the American society, actually it has been a serious problem for many years. So what is the situation of drug epidemic now, and how can we find effective ways to deal with this problem? A few writers who ponder this question are Nora D. Volkow,Read MorePrescription Drugs And The United States1749 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to IMS Health (2015) over 4.3 billion prescription drugs were dispensed in the United States and Narconon (2015) reports that the decade ending in 2008 saw a four hundred percent increase in people seeking treatment for opioid addiction. Pr escription drug abuse is an epidemic that transcends all socioeconomic boundaries in our society and is destroying lives, families, and whole communities, especially those most vulnerable; the physically and mentally ill. For one to better understandRead MoreTitle Of The Lesson: Dangers Of Prescription Drugs Grade1271 Words   |  6 PagesDangers of Prescription Drugs Grade Level: 6th Grade # Of students: 20 Students Teacher Focus: I will be working on using proximity in my lesson by paying attention to when students are off task and need to be redirected by walking around them to redirect their attention to the lesson. Purpose/Curriculum Focus: †¢ The class has been working on a substance abuse unit. Today we are focusing on the dangers of prescription drug abuse while incorporating it into our language unit of cause and effect. IowaRead MoreInformative Speech Outline on Addiction to Prescription Drugs799 Words   |  4 PagesAddiction to prescription drugs Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the growing problem of prescription drug abuse, some common drugs that cause abuse, and their effects and some common treatments. Pattern: People living in today’s society must be aware about the dangers that prescription Drugs can cause them, as well as the people around them. Introduction: * Attention : Is it possible that you or someone you love is addicted to prescription drugs? Read MoreDrug Addiction1074 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Addiction Drug abuse is an increasing epidemic in today’s society. There are so many types of drugs being abused today, both legal and illegal. These drugs affect the human body in many different ways. Drug abuse can lead to addiction. â€Å"Drug addiction involves the repeated and excessive use of a drug to produce pleasure or escape reality despite its destructive effects† (â€Å"Environmental Health Perspectives,† 2005). Drug addicts believe that drugs are necessary for them to have a feelingRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse And Prescription Drugs Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesMost people are familiar with prescription medications; almost everyone has taken them at one point or another during their lifetime. Not all prescription drugs are addicting, but a large number of them are. Prescription drug abuse is a disease that has become a major problem in the United States, which affects over six-million Americans. Prescription drug abuse not only affects the indi vidual, but can additionally have far-reaching consequences that affect family, personal health, employmentRead MoreSubstance Abuse - Social Pandemic1653 Words   |  7 PagesAs the use of illegal drugs and alcohol continues, substance abuse across America has become a very serious social problem. It is mental illness that has an effect on different races, classes and genders. The affects of substance abuse has caused countless of people to feel heartache and develop feelings of hopelessness. With alcohol and drugs readily available through prescription or on the streets (Butler,2010), it is obvious why many are acquiring addictive patterns to these accessible substancesRead MoreTeenage Prescription Drug Abuse Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage Prescription Drug Abuse Years ago, the common image of an adolescent drug abuser was a teen trying to escape from reality on illegal substances like cocaine, heroin, or marijuana. Today, there is a great discrepancy between that perception and the reality of who is likely to abuse drugs. A teenage drug abuser might not have to look any further than his or her parent’s medicine chest to ‘score.’ Prescription drug abuse by teens is on the rise. Also, teens are looking to prescription drugsRead MoreEffects Of Drug Use On Society And Individuals932 Words   |  4 Pages Beard 1 Skyler Beard Mrs. Aten English 9 Honors 19 February, 2015 Effects of Drug Use on Society and Individuals â€Å"The human brain is structured to ensure that individuals will repeat behaviors necessary to survival and well-being. To do this, the brain associates such behaviors with a â€Å"reward,† or feeling of pleasure†(Addiction). This natural occurrence in the body, this â€Å"pleasurable feeling†, has led to a plethora of harmful and dangerous substances being

Prescription Drug Abuse And Its Effects On The Society

In the past year studies by the Centers for Disease Control have shown that one in twenty people in the United States alone us painkillers just for pleasure. Abuse of prescription drugs is a huge issue in our country, although many people use them solely for medical reasons, most people do not. According to Nora D. Wolkow, M.D., â€Å"An estimated 52 million people (20 percent) of those aged 12 and older) have used prescription drugs for non-medical reasons at least once in their lifetime.† (National Institute on Drug Abuse). This is now extremely common and is only becoming a bigger problem by the day. Prescription drug abuse causes a crippling affect on the abusers body by creating serious brain damage, increasing the rate of crime, endangering the lives of the abusers and the people around them, as well as ruining families completely, and taking a huge toll on the lives of teenagers and the elderly. â€Å"Prescription drug abuse is defined as the taking of medication in a manner other than that prescribed or for a different condition than that which the medication is described.† (Rice 342-343). A huge body of our society is affected by becoming addicted to prescription drugs. This often happens when one is in pain over his/her bodily conditions, and is prescribed either an opioid, depressants, or stimulants. A simple problem such as that turns into an even bigger one when the abuser becomes addicted. Addiction occurs when dopamine, a neurotransmitter, links on to receptors andShow MoreRelatedPrescription Drug Abuse990 Words   |  4 PagesPrescription drug abuse is not a new problem within our society. Prescription drug abuse has in fact been an ongoing problem that is currently spinning out of control. There are many people within our society that are currently dealing with prescription drug addiction. Prescription drug abuse is the intentional use of a medication without a prescription; in a way other than as prescribed; or for the exper ience or feeling it causes (The Science of Drug Abuse Addiction, 2014). Prescription drugsRead MoreDrug Abuse And Opioid Epidemic Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesThere have been several news coverages on TV and social network about drug overdose of different cases recently and they have risen people’s concern about the problems of drug abuse national-wide. The drug abuse and opioid epidemic is not a new problem to the American society, actually it has been a serious problem for many years. So what is the situation of drug epidemic now, and how can we find effective ways to deal with this problem? A few writers who ponder this question are Nora D. Volkow,Read MorePrescription Drugs And The United States1749 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to IMS Health (2015) over 4.3 billion prescription drugs were dispensed in the United States and Narconon (2015) reports that the decade ending in 2008 saw a four hundred percent increase in people seeking treatment for opioid addiction. Pr escription drug abuse is an epidemic that transcends all socioeconomic boundaries in our society and is destroying lives, families, and whole communities, especially those most vulnerable; the physically and mentally ill. For one to better understandRead MoreTitle Of The Lesson: Dangers Of Prescription Drugs Grade1271 Words   |  6 PagesDangers of Prescription Drugs Grade Level: 6th Grade # Of students: 20 Students Teacher Focus: I will be working on using proximity in my lesson by paying attention to when students are off task and need to be redirected by walking around them to redirect their attention to the lesson. Purpose/Curriculum Focus: †¢ The class has been working on a substance abuse unit. Today we are focusing on the dangers of prescription drug abuse while incorporating it into our language unit of cause and effect. IowaRead MoreInformative Speech Outline on Addiction to Prescription Drugs799 Words   |  4 PagesAddiction to prescription drugs Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the growing problem of prescription drug abuse, some common drugs that cause abuse, and their effects and some common treatments. Pattern: People living in today’s society must be aware about the dangers that prescription Drugs can cause them, as well as the people around them. Introduction: * Attention : Is it possible that you or someone you love is addicted to prescription drugs? Read MoreDrug Addiction1074 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Addiction Drug abuse is an increasing epidemic in today’s society. There are so many types of drugs being abused today, both legal and illegal. These drugs affect the human body in many different ways. Drug abuse can lead to addiction. â€Å"Drug addiction involves the repeated and excessive use of a drug to produce pleasure or escape reality despite its destructive effects† (â€Å"Environmental Health Perspectives,† 2005). Drug addicts believe that drugs are necessary for them to have a feelingRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse And Prescription Drugs Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesMost people are familiar with prescription medications; almost everyone has taken them at one point or another during their lifetime. Not all prescription drugs are addicting, but a large number of them are. Prescription drug abuse is a disease that has become a major problem in the United States, which affects over six-million Americans. Prescription drug abuse not only affects the indi vidual, but can additionally have far-reaching consequences that affect family, personal health, employmentRead MoreSubstance Abuse - Social Pandemic1653 Words   |  7 PagesAs the use of illegal drugs and alcohol continues, substance abuse across America has become a very serious social problem. It is mental illness that has an effect on different races, classes and genders. The affects of substance abuse has caused countless of people to feel heartache and develop feelings of hopelessness. With alcohol and drugs readily available through prescription or on the streets (Butler,2010), it is obvious why many are acquiring addictive patterns to these accessible substancesRead MoreTeenage Prescription Drug Abuse Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage Prescription Drug Abuse Years ago, the common image of an adolescent drug abuser was a teen trying to escape from reality on illegal substances like cocaine, heroin, or marijuana. Today, there is a great discrepancy between that perception and the reality of who is likely to abuse drugs. A teenage drug abuser might not have to look any further than his or her parent’s medicine chest to ‘score.’ Prescription drug abuse by teens is on the rise. Also, teens are looking to prescription drugsRead MoreEffects Of Drug Use On Society And Individuals932 Words   |  4 Pages Beard 1 Skyler Beard Mrs. Aten English 9 Honors 19 February, 2015 Effects of Drug Use on Society and Individuals â€Å"The human brain is structured to ensure that individuals will repeat behaviors necessary to survival and well-being. To do this, the brain associates such behaviors with a â€Å"reward,† or feeling of pleasure†(Addiction). This natural occurrence in the body, this â€Å"pleasurable feeling†, has led to a plethora of harmful and dangerous substances being

Prescription Drug Abuse And Its Effects On The Society

In the past year studies by the Centers for Disease Control have shown that one in twenty people in the United States alone us painkillers just for pleasure. Abuse of prescription drugs is a huge issue in our country, although many people use them solely for medical reasons, most people do not. According to Nora D. Wolkow, M.D., â€Å"An estimated 52 million people (20 percent) of those aged 12 and older) have used prescription drugs for non-medical reasons at least once in their lifetime.† (National Institute on Drug Abuse). This is now extremely common and is only becoming a bigger problem by the day. Prescription drug abuse causes a crippling affect on the abusers body by creating serious brain damage, increasing the rate of crime, endangering the lives of the abusers and the people around them, as well as ruining families completely, and taking a huge toll on the lives of teenagers and the elderly. â€Å"Prescription drug abuse is defined as the taking of medication in a manner other than that prescribed or for a different condition than that which the medication is described.† (Rice 342-343). A huge body of our society is affected by becoming addicted to prescription drugs. This often happens when one is in pain over his/her bodily conditions, and is prescribed either an opioid, depressants, or stimulants. A simple problem such as that turns into an even bigger one when the abuser becomes addicted. Addiction occurs when dopamine, a neurotransmitter, links on to receptors andShow MoreRelatedPrescription Drug Abuse990 Words   |  4 PagesPrescription drug abuse is not a new problem within our society. Prescription drug abuse has in fact been an ongoing problem that is currently spinning out of control. There are many people within our society that are currently dealing with prescription drug addiction. Prescription drug abuse is the intentional use of a medication without a prescription; in a way other than as prescribed; or for the exper ience or feeling it causes (The Science of Drug Abuse Addiction, 2014). Prescription drugsRead MoreDrug Abuse And Opioid Epidemic Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesThere have been several news coverages on TV and social network about drug overdose of different cases recently and they have risen people’s concern about the problems of drug abuse national-wide. The drug abuse and opioid epidemic is not a new problem to the American society, actually it has been a serious problem for many years. So what is the situation of drug epidemic now, and how can we find effective ways to deal with this problem? A few writers who ponder this question are Nora D. Volkow,Read MorePrescription Drugs And The United States1749 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to IMS Health (2015) over 4.3 billion prescription drugs were dispensed in the United States and Narconon (2015) reports that the decade ending in 2008 saw a four hundred percent increase in people seeking treatment for opioid addiction. Pr escription drug abuse is an epidemic that transcends all socioeconomic boundaries in our society and is destroying lives, families, and whole communities, especially those most vulnerable; the physically and mentally ill. For one to better understandRead MoreTitle Of The Lesson: Dangers Of Prescription Drugs Grade1271 Words   |  6 PagesDangers of Prescription Drugs Grade Level: 6th Grade # Of students: 20 Students Teacher Focus: I will be working on using proximity in my lesson by paying attention to when students are off task and need to be redirected by walking around them to redirect their attention to the lesson. Purpose/Curriculum Focus: †¢ The class has been working on a substance abuse unit. Today we are focusing on the dangers of prescription drug abuse while incorporating it into our language unit of cause and effect. IowaRead MoreInformative Speech Outline on Addiction to Prescription Drugs799 Words   |  4 PagesAddiction to prescription drugs Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the growing problem of prescription drug abuse, some common drugs that cause abuse, and their effects and some common treatments. Pattern: People living in today’s society must be aware about the dangers that prescription Drugs can cause them, as well as the people around them. Introduction: * Attention : Is it possible that you or someone you love is addicted to prescription drugs? Read MoreDrug Addiction1074 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Addiction Drug abuse is an increasing epidemic in today’s society. There are so many types of drugs being abused today, both legal and illegal. These drugs affect the human body in many different ways. Drug abuse can lead to addiction. â€Å"Drug addiction involves the repeated and excessive use of a drug to produce pleasure or escape reality despite its destructive effects† (â€Å"Environmental Health Perspectives,† 2005). Drug addicts believe that drugs are necessary for them to have a feelingRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse And Prescription Drugs Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesMost people are familiar with prescription medications; almost everyone has taken them at one point or another during their lifetime. Not all prescription drugs are addicting, but a large number of them are. Prescription drug abuse is a disease that has become a major problem in the United States, which affects over six-million Americans. Prescription drug abuse not only affects the indi vidual, but can additionally have far-reaching consequences that affect family, personal health, employmentRead MoreSubstance Abuse - Social Pandemic1653 Words   |  7 PagesAs the use of illegal drugs and alcohol continues, substance abuse across America has become a very serious social problem. It is mental illness that has an effect on different races, classes and genders. The affects of substance abuse has caused countless of people to feel heartache and develop feelings of hopelessness. With alcohol and drugs readily available through prescription or on the streets (Butler,2010), it is obvious why many are acquiring addictive patterns to these accessible substancesRead MoreTeenage Prescription Drug Abuse Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage Prescription Drug Abuse Years ago, the common image of an adolescent drug abuser was a teen trying to escape from reality on illegal substances like cocaine, heroin, or marijuana. Today, there is a great discrepancy between that perception and the reality of who is likely to abuse drugs. A teenage drug abuser might not have to look any further than his or her parent’s medicine chest to ‘score.’ Prescription drug abuse by teens is on the rise. Also, teens are looking to prescription drugsRead MoreEffects Of Drug Use On Society And Individuals932 Words   |  4 Pages Beard 1 Skyler Beard Mrs. Aten English 9 Honors 19 February, 2015 Effects of Drug Use on Society and Individuals â€Å"The human brain is structured to ensure that individuals will repeat behaviors necessary to survival and well-being. To do this, the brain associates such behaviors with a â€Å"reward,† or feeling of pleasure†(Addiction). This natural occurrence in the body, this â€Å"pleasurable feeling†, has led to a plethora of harmful and dangerous substances being

Colligative Properties Osmotic Pressure free essay sample

Important terms to study from this lab assignment are colligative properties, membrane permeability and osmotic pressure. First, colligative properties are â€Å"those of a solution that depend solely on the number of solute particles present, not the identity of those solute particles. These properties include: vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure† (p. 17 lab manual). In this experiment freezing point depression is illustrated by comparing the freezing point of distilled water to the freezing point of distilled water mixed with a non volatile solute, salt. Another important term taken from this lab experiment is membrane permeability, which is the ability of the membrane to pass a solution through it. Membrane permeability is crucial in the effectiveness of dialysis. Lastly, osmotic pressure is â€Å"the pressure that must be applied to stop the movement of solvent through the membrane† (p. 19 lab manual). Membrane permeability and osmotic pressure is demonstrated by using the dialysis tubing when submerged in distilled water, and the raw egg when immersed in the Karo syrup. Purpose: One goal of this experiment is to understand the differences in freezing points of a pure solvent compared to a solution with salt. Another goal is to â€Å"observe the phenomenon of osmosis and gain a fundamental understanding of the principle on which dialysis is based† (p. 15 lab manual). Procedure (Part 1: Colligative Properties): To begin this experiment a water bath was assembled using a 100 mL beaker, and filling it half way with cool tap water. Then, crushed ice was placed in the remainder of the beaker just below the top. Salt was finally added to the beaker and the solution was stirred well. After, a test tube was filled with distilled water, and the temperature was recorded every 30 seconds until the temperature reading was steady for five consecutive 30 second intervals. Then the same test tube was placed in the ice water bath and the temperature was recorded the same way as it previously was. Once, the temperature was consistent, the test tube was removed from the ice water bath, and emptied in the sink. The same test tube was used, and again filled half way will distilled water, but this time 1/8 teaspoon of salt was added to the tube. This solution was mixed well until all the salt was dissolved. The temperature was then recorded, as it was in the previous steps. The test tube was also submerged into a fresh ice bath, and the temperature was recorded yet again (same as previous steps). Once all of the data was recorded, the solution from the test tube, and the ice bath were emptied in the sink. Data and Observations: Data Table 1: Pure Water and Salt Solution Seconds Distilled H20 Room temp Distilled H20 Ice bath Saltwater Room temp Saltwater Ice bath 0 10 -2 11 -1 30 10 -1 11 -1 60 10 -1 11 -3 90 10 0 11 1 120 10 0 11 0 150 0 0 180 0 0 210 0 0 240 0 As the above tables show, the freezing point of the distilled water, â€Å"pure water†, experienced super cooling, but not exactly how the lab manual explained it would. The temperature dropped to -2 degrees Celsius, but rose back to zero. In the second table, labeled â€Å"Salt Solution†, super cooling was also experienced by the saltwater in the ice bath. This super cooling was â€Å"textbook†, compared to the first super cooling of the distilled water in the ice bath. This was not supposed to happen in that order according to the lab manual. In this part of the experiment we see how non volatile solutes affect the freezing point of the solution. Procedure (Part 2 Osmotic Pressure): To begin this part of the experiment, a glass bowl was filled half way will distilled water. The dialysis tubing was then submerged in the bowl for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, the dialysis tube was taken out of the bowl and placed on a paper towel. The bowl was emptied in the sink, rinsed with distilled water, and then filled half way again with more distilled water. A rubber band was cut and used to tie off one end of the dialysis tubing, while the other end was filled 1/3 way with Karo syrup. After, the other end of the dialysis tube was tied off with a second rubber band, and the tubing was placed in the distilled water bowl for 10 hours. The dialysis tubing was carefully observed over that time span. The second part of this â€Å"Part 2† was called the â€Å"Raw Egg†. First an intact egg was gently placed into a glass jar. The egg was then covered with vinegar, and the lid was securely fastened for 19 hours. After the shell dissolved completely in the vinegar, the egg was carefully removed from the jar, and rinsed with cool tap water. The glass jar was also emptied into the sink and rinsed thoroughly. From there, the egg was placed back into the jar, and Karo syrup covered it. The lid was again securely fastened for 24 hours. Once all data was recorded, the egg was thrown away in the trash and the syrup was rinsed down the sink. Data and Observations: When the egg was in the jar of vinegar it was observed an hour later, and the egg was floating more than when it was sunken to the bottom at the beginning of the procedure. Over the 19 hour time span, the egg formed a foamy layer on top of the vinegar, due to the egg shell dissolving. The egg also appeared to be bigger than when it was first placed in the vinegar, and the surface of the egg was covered with tiny air bubbles. Once the egg was taken out of the jar, the membrane was soft and slimy, and the shell was completely dissolved. When the egg was in the jar of Karo syrup, the egg was obviously not protected by a shell, so the membrane was soft. Over the 24 hour time span, the syrup started to turn a very yellow tint, and the egg membrane, at first, seemed to be unchanged. Over the hours, the membrane shape was oval but looked to be getting flatted almost as if someone pressed it together from the top and bottom. At the end of the 24 hours, the bottom of the egg was concaved. Questions (Part 1) B. Record the freezing point of the pure water and the freezing point of the salt solution. The freezing point of the pure water is 0 degrees Celsius. (not in this data, the freezing point is -2) The freezing point of the salt solution is -1. C. How do these two freezing points compare? If there was no experimental error in this lab, the freezing point of the salt solution would be lower than that of the pure water. In this case it is the opposite due to error. D. What are some practical applications of freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, and vapor pressure lowering? An example of freezing point depression is when one adds anti-freeze to car fuel to prevent the fuel from freezing in cold temperatures, like we are experiencing in the north east region now. An example of boiling point elevation would be the same. The antifreeze in the car also elevated the temperature of the fuel preventing your car from overheating. An example of vapor pressure lowering would be freeze drying. Freezing occurs because the vapor pressure from the surrounding air is lowered, and causes the substance to freeze. Questions (Part 2) A. To what biological structure is the dialysis bag comparable? How is it similar? How is it different? Cell membranes are comparable to the dialysis bag. They are similar because both are permeable. They differ though because cell membranes are semi permeable; regulating what enters and exits the cell. This is also different because cell membranes regulate what enters and exists on basis of survival. B. In biological systems if a cell is placed into a salt solution in which the salt concentration in the solution is lower than in the cell, the solution is said to be hypotonic. Water will move from the solution into the cell, causing lysis of the cell. In other words, the cell will expand to the point where it bursts. On the other hand, if a cell is placed into a salt solution in which the salt concentration in the solution is higher than in the cell, the solution is said to be hypertonic. In this case, water will move from the cell into the solution, causing cellular death through crenation or cellular shrinkage. In your experiment is the Karo ® hypertonic or hypotonic to the egg? In this experiment the Karo syrup is hypotonic because the egg expanded with Karo syrup. The egg could also be hypertonic, because the Karo syrup seemed to have a yellow tint. The explanation for this could be the yolk of the egg permeating the membrane into the Karo syrup. C. Historically certain colligative properties – freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, and osmotic pressure – have been used to determine molecular mass. (Now there are instrumental methods to determine this. ) Of these three, osmotic pressure is the most sensitive and gives the best results. Molecular mass can be found according the following equation: ? = MRT Where:? = osmotic pressure, M = molarity of solution, R = the ideal gas constant (0. 0821 L? atm/mol? K), and T = Kelvin temperature. Problem for Lab Report: At 23. 6 °C, 0. 500 L of a solution containing 0. 302 grams of an antibiotic has an osmotic pressure of 8. 34 mmHg. What is its molecular mass? 8. 34 mm Hg * 1 atm/760 mm Hg = 0. 010973684 atm. 0. 010973684 atm = M ( 0. 0821) (273 + 23. 6); M = 0. 010973684 / (0. 0821 * 296. 6) M = 0. 000450649 = 4. 50 x 10^-4 Molarity = moles / L: 4. 50 x 10^-4 = moles / . 500L (4. 50 x 10^-4) * (0. 500) = moles moles = 0. 000225 = 2. 25 x 10^-4 If 2. 25 x 10^-4 = 0. 302 grams, Then 1 mole = 0. 302g / 2. 25 x 10^-4 = 1342 g/mole which is the molar mass of the antibiotic Conclusion: In conclusion, the first part of the experiment exemplified how freezing points differ when solutes are added to a solvent. This is an important concept to grasp when learning and understanding the boiling and freezing points of many different solutions. In the antifreeze example above, it is extremely important to understand in freezing temperatures. Even though the data in this part of the experiment did not hold true, as explained in the lab manual, we can conclude that the addition of salt; solute, to distilled water; solvent, will cause a super cooling effect to the temperature. Errors could be explained in this portion to human error when reading and recording temperatures. Super cooling happens so rapidly, so this could be a plausible answer to error. Another error that could have explained the data could be due to the amount of salt in the ice water bath. If too much was used it could affect the results. The second part of the experiment helped show membrane permeability, and osmotic pressure of the dialysis tubing and the egg. As stated above permeability and semi permeability are crucial in the effectiveness of dialysis. In this experiment we can conclude that the dialysis tubing was more permeable than the egg. Understanding osmotic pressure is important to understand the rate at which osmosis will occur. In this experiment the osmotic pressure was greater in the dialysis tubing, than the egg.

Volumetric Analysis Lab Report Essay Example

Volumetric Analysis: Lab Report Paper At the equivalence point, all the KIP present has been neutralized by the added Noah and the solution is still colorless. However, if we add just one more drop of Noah solution from the burette, the solution will immediately turn pink because the solution is now basic. Titration of an unknown l. A measured amount of an acid of unknown concentration is added to a flask using a burette. An appropriate indicator such as phenolphthalein is added to the solution. (The indicator will indicate, by a color change, when the acid and base has been neutralized). 2. Base (standard solution) is slowly added to the acid, . The process is continued until the indicator shows that naturalization has occurred. This is called the END POINT. The end point is usually signaled by a sharp change in the color Of the indicator in the acid solution. In acid-base iterations, indicators are substances that have distinct different colors in acid and base (Phenolphthalein pink in base, colorless in acid). 4. At the equivalence point, both acid and base have been completely neutralized and the solution is still colorless. However, if we add just one more drop of Noah solution from the burette, the solution will immediately turn pink cause the solution is now basic. We will write a custom essay sample on Volumetric Analysis: Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Volumetric Analysis: Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Volumetric Analysis: Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer